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Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 579-590 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1953-6

摘要： Dual-loop circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors have been widely applied in industry because of their good heat and mass transfer characteristics and continuous handling ability. However, the design of such reactors is notoriously difficult owing to the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms, meaning it has been heavily based on empiricism and stepwise experiments. Modeling the gas-solid CFB system requires a quantitative description of the multiscale heterogeneity in the sub-reactors and the strong coupling between them. This article proposed a general method for modeling multi-loop CFB systems by utilizing the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) principle. A full-loop modeling scheme was implemented by using the EMMS model and/or its extension models to compute the hydrodynamic parameters of the sub-reactors, to achieve the mass conservation and pressure balance in each circulation loop. Based on the modularization strategy, corresponding interactive simulation software was further developed to facilitate the flexible creation and fast modeling of a customized multi-loop CFB reactor. This research can be expected to provide quantitative references for the design and scale-up of gas-solid CFB reactors and lay a solid foundation for the realization of virtual process engineering.

关键词： multi-loop circulating fluidized bed mathematical modeling energy minimization multiscale virtual fluidization mesoscale structure

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Self-sustained catalytic combustion of CO enhanced by micro fluidized bed: stability operation, fluidization

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1709-x

摘要：

● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed realizes efficient heat and mass transfer.

关键词： Self-sustained catalytic combustion Carbon monoxide Cu_1–xCe_xO_y Fluidized bed Computational fluid dynamics

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Creating technical heritage object replicas in a virtual environment

Olga EGOROVA,Dmitry SHCHERBININ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 108-115 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0363-4

摘要：

The paper presents innovative informatics methods for creating virtual technical heritage replicas, which are of significant scientific and practical importance not only to researchers but to the public in general. By performing 3D modeling and animation of aircrafts, spaceships, architectural-engineering buildings, and other technical objects, the process of learning is achieved while promoting the preservation of the replicas for future generations. Modern approaches based on the wide usage of computer technologies attract a greater number of young people to explore the history of science and technology and renew their interest in the field of mechanical engineering.

关键词： 3D document history of science and technology technical knowledge popularization virtual environment replica mechanism and machine science (MMS)

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A virtual reality system for arm and hand rehabilitation

Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM, I-Ming CHEN, Song Huat YEO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 23-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0202-6

摘要：

This paper presents a virtual reality (VR) system for upper limb rehabilitation. The system incorporates two motion track components, the Arm Suit and the Smart Glove which are composed of a range of the optical linear encoders (OLE) and the inertial measurement units (IMU), and two interactive practice applications designed for driving users to perform the required functional and non-functional motor recovery tasks. We describe the technique details about the two motion track components and the rational to design two practice applications. The experiment results show that, compared with the marker-based tracking system, the Arm Suit can accurately track the elbow and wrist positions. The repeatability of the Smart Glove on measuring the five fingers’ movement can be satisfied. Given the low cost, high accuracy and easy installation, the system thus promises to be a valuable complement to conventional therapeutic programs offered in rehabilitation clinics and at home.

关键词： motion tracking rehabilitation optical linear encoder (OLE) virtual reality

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基于网格服务的协同虚拟环境

张谞,吴慧中,肖亮

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 157-162

摘要：

由于计算资源、网络资源以及现有技术的限制，协同虚拟环境的扩展性问题至今没有得到很好的解决。针对这一问题，讨论了大规模协同虚拟环境的通信模式，提出了一个基于开放网格服务结构OGSA的协同虚拟环境体系结构，利用网格服务封装将系统功能实现与具体的物理资源相分离以达到系统可扩展的目的。另外，还重点研究了影响协同虚拟环境扩展性的关键技术———虚拟世界管理服务以及相关的支撑服务。最后基于Globus Toolkit开发了一个协同虚拟环境示例程序，验证所提出的框架和方法的可行性。

关键词：协同虚拟环境开放网格服务结构虚拟世界管理扩展性

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虚拟企业和谐机制研究

王硕,唐小我

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 82-85

摘要：

文章运用和谐理论与方法，探讨虚拟企业运作与发展要素划分、现状和谐性分析，研究其和谐机制，据此可随时分析虚拟企业系统的和谐状态，以针对性改进其运行，最后给出案例研究。

关键词：虚拟企业和谐机制协调要素

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Research on constraint-based virtual assembly technologies

YANG Rundang, WU Dianliang, FAN Xiumin, YAN Juanqi

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 243-249 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0043-5

摘要： To realize a constraint-based virtual assembly operation, the unified representations of the assembly constraint, the equivalent relation between the constraint and the degree of freedom (DOF), and the movement DOF reduction in a virtual environment are proposed. Several algorithms about the constraint treatment are submitted. First, the automatic recognition algorithm based on the assembly relation is used to determine the position and orientation relation between two geometry elements of constraint whether they meet the given errors. Second, to satisfy the new constraint, according to the positing solving algorithm, the position and orientation of an active part are modified with minimal adjustment after the part has satisfied the affirmed constraints. Finally, the algorithm of movement navigation based on the generalized coordinate system is put forward, and the part movement is guided. These algorithms have been applied to the integrated virtual assembly environment (IVAE) system. Experiments have indicated that these algorithms have well supported constraint treatments in the IVAE and realized the closer combination of the virtual and the real assembly processes.

关键词： movement DOF recognition algorithm assembly orientation combination

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Digital design of a combine harvester using virtual prototyping

YAN Chuliang, LI Jie, ZHANG Shuming, YANG Fangfei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 159-163 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0026-6

摘要： A parametric feature-based modeling was used to model the parts of a combine harvester. The digital virtual prototyping of the harvester was completed by virtual assembly. The finite element analysis of the vehicle frame was made and the result satisfied the requirements. The vibration sieve, which is a key part of the combine harvester, was simulated and optimized. The excellent parameters of the vibration were gained by optimization. The grain passed through the sieve easily after the optimization and reduced the loss rate and impurity rate in theory.

关键词： excellent assembly impurity harvester vibration

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大西线南水北调虚拟仿真方法论

李伯衡

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第5期页码 19-23

摘要：

南水北调工程已正式列入“十五”计划，近期南水北调工程主要是东线和中线开工建设。文章论述了大西线南水北调的必要性和研究路线；论述了采用数字地球虚拟仿真技术研究西南诸外流主河的调水可行性，包括调水量、地质基础、调水路线优化、环境效益的研究方法和研究路线。

关键词：西线调水虚拟方法论

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Carbon emission impact on the operation of virtual power plant with combined heat and power system

Yu-hang XIA,Jun-yong LIU,Zheng-wen HUANG,Xu ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第5期页码 479-488 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500467

摘要： A virtual power plant (VPP) can realize the aggregation of distributed generation in a certain region, and represent distributed generation to participate in the power market of the main grid. With the expansion of VPPs and ever-growing heat demand of consumers, managing the effect of fluctuations in the amount of available renewable resources on the operation of VPPs and maintaining an economical supply of electric power and heat energy to users have been important issues. This paper proposes the allocation of an electric boiler to realize wind power directly converted for supplying heat, which can not only overcome the limitation of heat output from a combined heat and power (CHP) unit, but also reduce carbon emissions from a VPP. After the electric boiler is considered in the VPP operation model of the combined heat and power system, a multi-objective model is built, which includes the costs of carbon emissions, total operation of the VPP and the electricity traded between the VPP and the main grid. The model is solved by the CPLEX package using the fuzzy membership function in Matlab, and a case study is presented. The power output of each unit in the case study is analyzed under four scenarios. The results show that after carbon emission is taken into account, the output of low carbon units is significantly increased, and the allocation of an electric boiler can facilitate the maximum absorption of renewable energy, which also reduces carbon emissions from the VPP.

关键词： Virtual power plant (VPP) Carbon emissions Electric boiler Wind power Combined heat and power (CHP)

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Performance of inverse fluidized bed bioreactor in treating starch wastewater

M. RAJASIMMAN, C. KARTHIKEYAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 235-239 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0020-0

摘要： Aerobic digestion of starch industry wastewater was carried out in an inverse fluidized bed bioreactor using low-density (870 kg/m ) polypropylene particles. Experiments were carried out at different initial substrate concentrations of 2250, 4475, 6730, and 8910 mg COD/L and for various hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 40, 32, 24, 16, and 8 h. Degradation of organic matter was studied at different organic loading rates (OLR) by varying the HRT and the initial substrate concentration. From the results it was observed that the maximum COD removal of 95.6% occurred at an OLR of 1.35 kg COD/(m ·d) and the minimum of 51.8% at an OLR of 26.73 kg COD/(m ·d). The properties of biomass accumulation on the surface of particles were also studied. It was observed that constant biomass loading was achieved over the entire period of operation.

关键词： inverse fluidization low-density particles polypropylene starch biofilm

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Design and modeling of continuum robot based on virtual-center of motion mechanism

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0739-6

摘要： Continuum robot has attracted extensive attention since its emergence. It has multi-degree of freedom and high compliance, which give it significant advantages when traveling and operating in narrow spaces. The flexural virtual-center of motion (VCM) mechanism can be machined integrally, and this way eliminates the assembly between joints. Thus, it is well suited for use as a continuum robot joint. Therefore, a design method for continuum robots based on the VCM mechanism is proposed in this study. First, a novel VCM mechanism is formed using a double leaf-type isosceles-trapezoidal flexural pivot (D-LITFP), which is composed of a series of superimposed LITFPs, to enlarge its stroke. Then, the pseudo-rigid body (PRB) model of the leaf is extended to the VCM mechanism, and the stiffness and stroke of the D-LITFP are modeled. Second, the VCM mechanism is combined to form a flexural joint suitable for the continuum robot. Finally, experiments and simulations are used to validate the accuracy and validity of the PRB model by analyzing the performance (stiffness and stroke) of the VCM mechanism. Furthermore, the motion performance of the designed continuum robot is evaluated. Results show that the maximum stroke of the VCM mechanism is approximately 14.2°, the axial compressive strength is approximately 1915 N/mm, and the repeatable positioning accuracies of the continuum robot is approximately ±1.47° (bending angle) and ±2.46° (bending direction).

关键词： VCM mechanism continuum robot flexural joint pseudo-rigid body model cable-driven

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机械结构虚拟优化设计技术与应用研究

胡如夫,吴南星,孙庆鸿

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第10期页码 45-47

摘要：

虚拟优化设计是多学科先进知识形成的综合技术，是现代机械产品设计的发展方向。作为一种新的设计模式，应用该技术减少了产品开发中设计-试制-试验等过程的重复，设计人员可在虚拟可视化环境中对结构进行分析和优化，有利于缩短产品的设计周期，降低开发成本；分析了产品虚拟设计的特点，提出了机械结构虚拟优化设计的流程，并以数控车床主轴箱体动态优化为例进行了应用研究。

关键词：机械结构虚拟设计优化设计

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Theoretical and experimental study on the fluidity performance of hard-to-fluidize carbon nanotubes-based CO2 capture sorbents

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1460-1475 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2159-x

摘要： Carbon nanotubes-based materials have been identified as promising sorbents for efficient CO₂ capture in fluidized beds, suffering from insufficient contact with CO₂ for the high-level CO₂ capture capacity. This study focuses on promoting the fluidizability of hard-to-fluidize pure and synthesized silica-coated amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The novel synthesized sorbent presents a superior sorption capacity of about 25 times higher than pure carbon nanotubes during 5 consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles. The low-cost fluidizable-SiO₂ nanoparticles are used as assistant material to improve the fluidity of carbon nanotubes-based sorbents. Results reveal that a minimum amount of 7.5 and 5 wt% SiO₂ nanoparticles are required to achieve an agglomerate particulate fluidization behavior for pure and synthesized carbon nanotubes, respectively. Pure carbon nanotubes + 7.5 wt% SiO₂ and synthesized carbon nanotubes + 5 wt% SiO₂ indicates an agglomerate particulate fluidization characteristic, including the high-level bed expansion ratio, low minimum fluidization velocity (1.5 and 1.6 cm·s^–1), high Richardson−Zakin index (5.2 and 5.3 > 5), and low Π value (83.2 and 84.8 < 100, respectively). Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes causes not only enhanced CO ₂ uptake capacity but also decreases the required amount of silica additive to reach a homogeneous fluidization behavior for synthesized carbon nanotubes sorbent.

关键词： CO₂ capture CNT-based sorbents fluidization SiO₂ nanoparticles fluidized bed reactors